The Earth is a dynamic planet, and one of the ways this dynamism manifests itself is through earthquakes. These sudden and often violent tremors can cause widespread damage and loss of life. But what exactly causes these ground-shaking events? The Theory of Plate Tectonics The Earth's surface is made up of a patchwork of tectonic plates that float on the molten rock of the mantle. These plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly, in response to the forces of convection within the mantle. When two plates meet, they can either slide past each other, collide and crumple, or diverge. It is at these plate boundaries that most earthquakes occur. Friction and Release As two plates grind against each other, friction builds up along the boundary. This friction can eventually become too much to overcome, and the plates will suddenly slip past each other. This sudden release of energy is what causes an earthquake. The Anatomy of an Earthquake The point below the Earth's ...
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